你和你的导师都错的
先来说导师,他错在这个statement的表述上。 他对p value的理解犯了大多数人都会犯的错误。
a P value is the probability of obtaining an effect at least as extreme as the one in your sample data, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis. 如果你不能obtain a more extreme value,你就不能推翻null hypothesis.而这个p value和how true the null hypothesis是没有关系的，它只是一个likelihood.不能等同为1.23%(假设p=0.0123)的几率null hypothesis is true.
再来谈一下你的回答, 首先你没有弄清楚是哪个p value， 0.01是实际算出来的p value,还是alpha？如果你给出的就是导师的问题的全部，那0.01就是alpha了。导师想要考你对alpha的理解，alpha is now 0.01=1%。而你以为0.01是实际p value 小于0.05，基于这个你说导师的错误的。所以你的回答导师自然说你是错的。另外你对p value的理解也和导师一样，犯了同样的错误。
最后说一下正确的表述： if p value is 0.01 (confidence level 99% or alpha=0.01), 0.01 is the smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis would be rejected.
我们只会说没有足够的证据to reject null hypothesis or prove there is an effect or difference.而不会说我们就92%的把握。。。。。end of the day, we are dealing with samples to obtain the interpretation on the population.
a P value is the probability of obtaining an effect at least as extreme as the one in your sample data, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis. 如果你不能obtain a more extreme value,你就不能推翻null hypothesis.而这个p value和how true the null hypothesis是没有关系的，它只是一个likelihood.不能等同为1.23%(假设p=0.0123)的几率null hypothesis is true.
再来谈一下你的回答, 首先你没有弄清楚是哪个p value， 0.01是实际算出来的p value,还是alpha？如果你给出的就是导师的问题的全部，那0.01就是alpha了。导师想要考你对alpha的理解，alpha is now 0.01=1%。而你以为0.01是实际p value 小于0.05，基于这个你说导师的错误的。所以你的回答导师自然说你是错的。另外你对p value的理解也和导师一样，犯了同样的错误。
最后说一下正确的表述： if p value is 0.01 (confidence level 99% or alpha=0.01), 0.01 is the smallest level of significance at which the null hypothesis would be rejected.
我们只会说没有足够的证据to reject null hypothesis or prove there is an effect or difference.而不会说我们就92%的把握。。。。。end of the day, we are dealing with samples to obtain the interpretation on the population.
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