in banks, associates normally are for people with 2-3 years relevant working experience. Therefore after the management associate program, they can be a manager and lead a small team.
A master degree or even MBA is not helpful in getting into the associate program. I have seen a lot of MBAs joining the graduate programs, which is meant for fresh under graduates. With the master degree, the only difference is that the entry level salary could be higher than the undergraduate.
For the analyst position, do you mean equity analyst? this is a Front Office role. If you are talking about quants role, which requires a PHD degree, and a lot of programming and matlab skills, this is a risk role.
To answer 小虾's question, product control is more about accounting and it may not be as exciting as it sounds. You need to be interested in accounting, and they will send you for a lot of advanced accounting courses. But it pays more than operation jobs.
